The 15th-century decline of the Golden Horde enabled the foundation of the Crimean Khanate, which occupied present-day Black Sea shores and southern steppes of Ukraine. Deadly violence engulfed Kyiv's Maidan, or Independence Square, in 2014 after the Ukrainian government, under pressure from Moscow, abandoned an agreement to strengthen ties with the European Union. [4] The agreement precipitated the Russo-Polish War of 165467 and the failed Treaty of Hadiach which would have formed PolishLithuanianRuthenian Commonwealth. The new cultural history, post-colonial studies, and the "linguistic turn" augmenting, if not replacing social history, allowed for multiple angles of approach. It has come to dominate the nation's educational system, security forces, and national symbols and monuments, although it has been dismissed as nationalist by Western historians. With the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in December 1991, Ukraine gained full independence. The Tomos was presented to the head of the OCU, Metropolitan Epiphanius, during a joint liturgy with the Ecumenical Patriarch. The 1861 emancipation greatly impacted Ukrainians as 42% of them were serfs. [6][7] The legal legitimacy of its ratification has been disputed. Development here lagged behind Russian-ruled Ukraine and was one of the poorest regions in Europe. Subsequently, all principalities of present-day Ukraine acknowledged dependence upon the Mongols (12391240). The period immediately following the creation of the Commonwealth saw a huge revitalisation in colonisation efforts. Ukraine had experienced a . The Russophile policies of Russification and Panslavism led to an exodus of a number some Ukrainian intellectuals into Western Ukraine, while others embraced a Pan-Slavic or Russian identity. As a result of the Russo-Turkish Wars, the Ottoman Empire's control receded from south-central Ukraine, while the rule of Hungary over the Transcarpathian region continued. The history between these two is long and often fraught with conflict. 9- Canada: After the US, another North American country has grabbed a spot on the list of wealthiest nations in the world.It is the second-largest country in the world after Russia in terms of . And when Russian President Vladimir Putin took power a decade . Ukraine and Russia share roots stretching back to the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus, a medieval empire founded by Vikings in the 9th century. [61][62], Following the violence, the Ukrainian parliament on 22 February voted to remove Yanukovych from power (on the grounds that his whereabouts were unknown and he thus could not fulfil his duties), and to free Yulia Tymoshenko from prison. Many new cities and villages were founded & links between different Ukrainian regions, such as Halych Land and Volhynia were greatly extended.[33]. [38], The 2.4 million Ukrainians under the Habsburg Empire lived in eastern Galicia and consisted mainly of the peasantry (95%) with the remainder being priestly families. Two major candidates emerged in the 2004 presidential election. [53] In the second round of the election, Yanukovych won the run-off ballot with 48% to Tymoshenko's 45%. Ukrainian writers and intellectuals were inspired by the nationalistic spirit stirring other European peoples existing under other imperial governments. Ukraine became a candidate to join the European Union on Thursday, a bold geopolitical step triggered by Russia's invasion that Kyiv and Brussels hailed as an "historic moment". Later historiographical trends were quickly adapted to the Ukrainian evidence, with special focus on Ukrainian nationalism. The owner of English Premier League football club Chelsea, Roman Abramovich, has reportedly been called in to help mediate the Russia-Ukraine crisis, a spokeswoman for the billionaire oligarch said. [82][83][84][85] During the same period, political (including adoption of the law on lustration and the law on decommunization) and economic reforms started. Until the late 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East,[31] exporting about 2 million slaves from Russia and Ukraine over the period 15001700. Burkhard Herbote, tourism Hero. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Some of the polonized mobility would heavily shape Polish culture, for eample, Stanisaw Orzechowski. [35] For a time, they also maintained a semi-independent republic in Zaporozhia, and a colony on the Russian frontier in Sloboda Ukraine. Published Mar 28, 2022. Russia, fearing separatism, imposed strict limits on attempts to elevate the Ukrainian language and culture, even banning its use and study. [104] For the first time full-scale scholarly studies based on archival sources, modern research techniques, and modern historical theories became possible. Ukraine's New President: Is the Orange Revolution Over? The Soviet Union formally ceased to exist on 26 December, when the presidents of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia (the founding members of the USSR) met in Biaowiea Forest to formally dissolve the Union in accordance with the Soviet Constitution. Ukraine will become a Nato member in the 'long term', the head of the military alliance said today, amid Vladimir Putin's war in the country.. From the 4th to 7th centuries the first Slavic community was established in the area. [35] Commonwealth authorities then sought compromise with the Ukrainian Cossack state by signing the Treaty of Hadiach in 1658, butafter thirteen years of incessant warfarethe agreement was later superseded by the 1667 PolishRussian Treaty of Andrusovo, which divided Ukrainian territory between the Commonwealth and Russia. [101] After failing to gain further territories and being driven out of Kharkiv Oblast by a fast-paced Ukrainian counteroffensive,[102] Russia officially annexed the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, along with most of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts on 30 September. The story of the Ukraine-Russia crisis does not begin in 2021, or 2014, It begins in the 9th century.There was a time when the two countries were one.There w. Slowly, the histories of Poles and Jews are also slowly being reintegrated. [35] This agreement was known as the Treaty of Pereyaslav. Situated on lucrative trade routes, Kyiv among the Polans quickly prospered as the center of the powerful Slavic state of Kievan Rus. ", " ", "Tension escalates after Russia seizes Ukraine naval ships", "Russia fires on and seizes Ukrainian ships near annexed Crimea", "Buildup of Russian forces along Ukraine's border that has some talking of war", "Russia invaded Ukraine more than 200 days ago. However, many Ukrainians accepted their fate in the Russian Empire and some were able to achieve great success there. During the 14th century, Poland and Lithuania fought wars against the Mongol invaders, and eventually most of Ukraine passed to the rule of Poland and Lithuania. During a February press conference, Zelenskyy predicted that if Ukraine loses the war, Russia will then invade a country that's a North . Quiz, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Ukraine, Ukraine - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ukraine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden and Scholz: US, Germany in 'lockstep' on Ukraine war, Zelenskyy tells US, Europe law chiefs Russia must face court, US sending bridge-launchers to Ukraine for spring fight, US sanctions Russian officials over dissident's detention, Why purported cross-border attack ups ante in Ukraine war. [51], By the time of the presidential election of 2010, Yushchenko and Yulia Tymoshenko allies during the Orange Revolution[52] had become bitter enemies. [69] The next day, Tomos was brought to Ukraine for a demonstration at St. Sophia Cathedral. [109], In Soviet Ukraine, twentieth-century historians were strictly limited in the range of models and topics they could cover, with Moscow insisting on an official Marxist approach. The capital is Kyiv, located on the Dnieper River in north-central Ukraine. Following the union between Poland and Lithuania, Poles, Germans, Lithuanians and Jews migrated to the region, forcing Ukrainians out of positions of power they shared with Lithuanians, with more Ukrainians being forced into Central Ukraine as a result of Polish migration, polonization, and other forms of oppression against Ukraine and Ukrainians, all of which started to fully take form. The Soviet famine of 193033, now known as the Holodomor, left millions dead in the Soviet Union, the majority of them Ukrainians not only in Ukraine but also in Kuban and former Don Cossack lands.[41][42]. The Dnieper River, with its hydroelectric dams, huge reservoirs, and many tributaries, dominates the entire central part of Ukraine. However, the demands of government officialsTsarist, to a lesser degree Austro-Hungarian and Polish, and later Sovietmade it difficult to disseminate ideas that ran counter to the central government. With the start of World War I, all those supporting Russia were rounded up by Austrian forces and held in a concentration camp at Talerhof where many died. A chaotic period of warfare ensued after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as well as a simultaneous war in the former Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria following the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy after World War I. Ukraine is bordered by Belarus to the north, Russia to the east, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea to the south, Moldova and Romania to the southwest, and Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland to the west. The East Slavic school, an eclectic compromise between Ukrainophiles and Russophilism, has a weaker ideological and symbolic base, although it is preferred by Ukraine's centrist former elites. 2. This attracted other traders such as the Vikings in the Viking Age who would found Kievan Rus'. Known as Mukha's Rebellion, this series of battles was supported by the Moldavian prince Stephen the Great, and it is one of the earliest known uprisings of Ukrainians against Polish oppression. [79] In April 2014 Ukrainian separatists self-proclaimed the Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic and held referendums on 11 May 2014; the separatists claimed nearly 90% voted in favor of independence. The war stalled until 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a major invasion of much of the country. Marshland, covering almost 3 percent of Ukraine, is found primarily in the northern river valleys and in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, Danube, and other rivers. Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 195075. Ukraine, which included Crimea, the Kuban, and portions of Don Cossack lands with large Ukrainian populations (along with ethnic Russians, and Jews), tried to break free from Russia after the February 1917 revolution in St. Petersburg. Almost all the major rivers in Ukraine flow northwest to southeast through the plains to empty into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. After the 1848 revolutions, Ukrainians established the Supreme Ruthenian Council, demanding autonomy, they also opened the first Ukrainian-language newspaper (Zoria halytska). This was part of a deal with the United States to ensure a degree of balance in the General Assembly, which, the USSR opined, was unbalanced in favor of the Western Bloc. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. After they helped defeat the Huns at the battle of Nedao in 454, the Ostrogoths were allowed by the Romans to settle in Pannonia. The investigation of crimes against Maidan residents was delayed. [citation needed], Strikingly different interpretations of the medieval state of Kyivan Rus appear in the four schools of historiography within Ukraine: Russophile, Sovietophile, Eastern Slavic, and Ukrainophile. However the steppe regions managed to produce 20% of world production of wheat and 80% of the empire's sugar. In consequence, by the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, signed in 1686, the eastern portion of Ukraine (east of the Dnieper River) was to come under Russian rule,[5] 146,000 rubles were to be paid to Poland as compensation for the loss of the Right Bank of Ukraine,[6] and the parties agreed not to sign a separate treaty with the Ottoman Empire. But relations between Ukraine and Russia continued to . The rivers are most important as a water supply, and for this purpose a series of canals has been built, such as the DonetsDonets Basin, the DnieperKryvyy Rih, and the North Crimea. The Ukrainophile school promotes an identity that is mutually exclusive of Russia. Our enemies will vanish like dew in the sun; We too shall rule in our country. After the downfall of Kyivan Rus' and GaliciaVolhynia, their political, cultural and religious life continued under Lithuanian control. If you had . During subsequent decades, Tsarist rule over central Ukraine gradually replaced 'protection'. [26] Rulers of both principalites were trying to extend the rule over another. For a few centuries it was the main see over an area from the Balkans to Sarai.[25]. [108], After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Nazi Germany with its allies invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. While Christianity had made headway into the territory of modern Ukraine before the first ecumenical council, the Council of Nicaea (325) (particularly along the Black Sea coast, with the clearest evidence being the Christianization of the Crimean Goths) and, in western Ukraine during the time of the Empire of Great Moravia, the formal governmental acceptance of Christianity in Rus' occurred in 988. Sporadic Cossack uprisings were now aimed at the Russian authorities, but eventually petered out by the late 18th century, following the destruction of entire Cossack hosts. In 1686, the Metropolitanate of Kyiv was annexed by the Moscow Patriarchate through the Synodal Letter of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Dionysius IV. Big, diverse and largely undiscovered, Ukraine is one of Europe's last genuine travel frontiers, a nation rich in colourful tradition, warm-hearted people and off-the-map experiences. The U.S. recognized Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. National "pasts" were rewritten as social and national liberation for non-Russians, and social liberation for Russians, in a process that ended in 1917. "The 'Bandera Debate': The Contentious Legacy of World War II and Liberalization of Collective Memory in Western Ukraine,", Verstiuk, Vladyslav. Northern migrations, reaching almost to Lake Ilmen, led to the emergence of the Ilmen Slavs, Krivichs, and Radimichs, the groups ancestral to the Russians. On 1 December, voters approved a referendum formalizing independence from the Soviet Union. by Juergen T Steinmetz. An exclusive interview with Alexei Navalny, Russia's imprisoned dissident 7 min read. A successor state to the Kievan Rus' on part of the territory of today's Ukraine was the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia. Coeditor of and contributor to, Writer. Ukraine declared its independence on Aug. 24, 1991. A further tragic irony of the Crimean transfer is that an action of sixty years ago, taken by Moscow to strengthen its control over Ukraine, has come back to haunt Ukraine today. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy did not say this. Corrections? In the north-west, the Principality of Polotsk increasingly asserted the autonomy of Belarus. Dmytro Razumkov, the party's chairman, was elected speaker of parliament. West of the Volyn-Podilsk Upland, in extreme western Ukraine, the parallel ranges of the Carpathian Mountainsone of the most picturesque areas in the countryextend for more than 150 miles (240 km). A fully independent Ukraine emerged only late in the 20th century, after long periods of successive domination by Poland-Lithuania, Russia, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). The outstanding leaders were Volodymyr Antonovych (18341908), based in Kyiv, and his student Mykhailo Hrushevsky (18661934). [11] Nikita Khrushchev was appointed the head of the Ukrainian Communist Party in 1938. [86] On 25 May 2014, Petro Poroshenko was elected president[87] in the first round of the presidential election. The northeastern and southeastern portions of Ukraine are occupied by low uplands rarely reaching an elevation of 1,000 feet (300 metres). [63] Yanukovych had fled Kyiv, and subsequently gave a press conference in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don.[64]. Yushchenko, whose popularity had plummeted,[50] persisted in running, and many pro-Orange voters stayed home. Georgia is the official host country at ITB Berlin 2023. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Ukraine has a long and troubled history. The middle course of the Donets River, a tributary of the Don, flows through southeastern Ukraine and is an important source of water for the Donets Basin (Donbas). [105] Russophile and Sovietophile schools have become marginalized in independent Ukraine, with the Ukrainophile school being dominant in the early 21st century. The peninsulaa large protrusion into the Black Seais connected to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus. From the 4th century, BC Celtic people lived in what is now Austria. It is situated both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the earth. The 1648 Ukrainian Cossack (Kozak) rebellion or Khmelnytsky Uprising, which started an era known as the Ruin (in Polish history as The Deluge), undermined the foundations and stability of the Commonwealth. [47] During his presidency, the Ukrainian economy shrank by more than 10% per year (in 1994 by more than 20%). But relations between Ukraine and Russia continued to . Ukraine under the reign of Alexander I (18011825) saw Russian presence only involving the imperial army and its bureaucracy, but by the reign of Nicholas I (18251855), Russia had by then established a centralized administration in Ukraine. 9 min read. [92], On February 2, 2021, a presidential decree banned the television broadcasting of the pro-Russian TV channels 112 Ukraine, NewsOne and ZIK. [19] Along with other ancient Greek colonies founded in the 6th century BC on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, the colonies of Tyras, Olbia, and Hermonassa continued as Roman and Byzantine cities until the 6th century AD. Omissions? Russia, fearing separatism, imposed strict limits on attempts to elevate the Ukrainian language and culture, even banning its use and study. , IV, ' : , , , , , , sfn error: no target: CITEREFMagocsi2010 (, A. Jabonowski, rda Dziejowe (Warsaw, 1889) xix: 73, Adrian Karatnycky, "Ukraine's Orange Revolution,", Taras Kuzio, "National Identity and History Writing in Ukraine,", See Andriy Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine),", Roman Senkus, "Ukrainian Studies in Canada Since the 1950s: An Introduction. Early in the Christian era the Ukranian steppes were overrun by various invaders, among which were Huns, Goths and Avars. Ukraine is an Eastern European country. [18] The Copper Age people of the Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture resided in the western part, and the Sredny Stog Culture further east, succeeded by the early Bronze Age Yamna ("Kurgan") culture of the steppes, and by the Catacomb culture in the 3rd millennium BC. However, during this time, during the Age of Nationalism, the land of Ukraine would enter Western Age of Enlightenment minds, starting with Voltaire and Johann Gottfried Herder, and eventually, this would spark Ukrainian nationalism in the 19th century. Early parliamentary elections on July 21 allowed the newly formed pro-presidential Servant of the People party to win an absolute majority of seats for the first time in the history of independent Ukraine (248). Ruthenian peasants who fled efforts to force them into serfdom came to be known as Cossacks and earned a reputation for their fierce martial spirit. Nazarbayev, who turns 75 this summer, is unlikely to be around when 2050 dawns (he'd be 110) and the question of succession-who rules Kazakhstan after it's first and only president passes . Nevertheless, political repressions against poets, historians and other intellectuals continued, as in all other parts of the USSR. If an SVG . The Antes were the ancestors of Ukrainians: White Croats, Severians, Polans, Drevlyans, Dulebes, Ulichians, and Tiverians. [22] The Ostrogoths stayed in the area but came under the sway of the Huns from the 370s. His death was followed by a period of turmoil that lasted until his son Daniel regained the throne in 1238. However, migr Ukrainians in Canada developed an independent scholarship that ignored Marxism, and shared the Western tendencies in historiography. ", Integrating Scholarship on Ukraine into Classroom SyllabiLet Ukraine Speak: Integrating Scholarship on Ukraine into Classroom Syllabii, Teaching and Studying Ukraine: List of Resources, Ukraine: Briefly about Her Past and Present, History of Ukraine: Primary Documents (weblist), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Ukraine&oldid=1141824728, Kudelia, Serhiy. In the north, the name of Moscow appeared in the historical record in the Principality of Suzdal, which gave rise to the nation of Russia. ** 1991: Leonid Kravchuk, leader of the Soviet republic of Ukraine, declares Kiev . This started a period of transition to a market economy, in which Ukraine suffered an eight-year recession. On May 19, 2018, Poroshenko signed a Decree which put into effect the decision of the National Security and Defense Council on the final termination of Ukraine's participation in the statutory bodies of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The journey to independence started in August 1991, when the Ukrainian parliament set . The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. These rebellions saw the capture of several cities of Pokuttya, and reached as far west as Lviv, but without capturing the latter.[30]. During the 19th century, Russophilia was a common occurrence among the Slavic population, but the mass exodus of Ukrainian intellectuals escaping from Russian repression in Eastern Ukraine, as well as the intervention of Austrian authorities, caused the movement to be replaced by Ukrainophilia, which would then cross over into the Russian Empire. The War in Donbas began in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine involving pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian Ukrainians and Russian mercenaries. Later the Kievan ruler, Yaroslav I promulgated the Russkaya Pravda (Truth of Rus') which continued through the Lithuanian period of Rus'. [100] Russia quickly occupied much of the east and south of the country, but failed to advance past the city of Mykolaiv towards Odesa, and were forced to retreat from the north after failing to occupy Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, and Kharkiv. On March 11, 1990, Lithuania declared that it was an independent nation, the first of the Soviet republics to do so. In particular, these amendments allowed the Ukrainian SSR to become one of the founding members of the United Nations (UN) together with the Soviet Union and the Byelorussian SSR. 5-day Majestic Mammoth Lakes Flyer. In the 11th century, Kievan Rus' was geographically the largest state in Europe, becoming known in the rest of Europe as Ruthenia (the Latin name for Rus'), especially for western principalities of Rus' after the Mongol invasion. Independence from Moscow meant freedom from an orthodoxy that was never well suited to Ukrainian developments. The DWTS pro said that at the Ukrainian border, men cannot leave the country: "If the families are going all together, the men have to stay back and go back, and . [38], The rise in national consciousness arose in the 19th century, with representation of the intelligentsia declining among the nobles and increasing towards commoners and peasants, they saw a process of nation-building to improve national rights and social justice but was uncovered soon after by the tsarist authorities. After the Union of Lublin in 1569 and the formation of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth Ukraine fell under the Polish administration, becoming part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The country changed its official name to Ukraine, and it helped to found the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), an association of countries that were formerly republics of the Soviet Union. After World War II, some amendments to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR were accepted, which allowed it to act as a separate subject of international law in some cases and to a certain extent, remaining a part of the Soviet Union at the same time. [106], Many historians in recent years have sought alternatives to national histories, and Ukrainian history invited approaches that looked beyond a national paradigm. On January 9, all members of the Synod of the Constantinople Orthodox Church signed the Tomos during the scheduled meeting of the Synod. When the first bombs from Russia hit Ukraine, JetBridge's employees in Kyiv didn't know how to react. Amid the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine votes for independence in a referendum, with 92 percent of Ukrainians supporting independence . With this, Ukraine's independence was formalized de jure and recognized by the international community. Ukraine had experienced a brief period of independence in 191820, but portions of western Ukraine were ruled by Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia in the period between the two World Wars, and Ukraine thereafter became part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.). Initial Soviet policy on Ukrainian language and Ukrainian culture made Ukrainian the official language of administration and schools. Previously, Vladimir the Great had established the cities of Halych and Volodymyr as regional capitals. Over 90% of Ukrainian citizens voted for independence, with majorities in every region, including 56% in Crimea. [54], During his presidency (20102014), Yanukovych and his Party of Regions were accused of trying to create a "controlled democracy" in Ukraine and of trying to destroy the main opposition party Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko, but both have denied these charges. [32] It remained a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire until 1774, when it was finally dissolved by the Russian Empire in 1783. Ukrainian writers and intellectuals were inspired by the nationalistic spirit stirring other European peoples existing under other imperial governments and became determined to revive the Ukrainian linguistic and cultural traditions and re-establish a Ukrainian nation-state, a movement that became known as Ukrainophilism. The SovietUkrainian War (19171921) followed, in which the Bolshevik Red Army established control in late 1919. Ukraine occupies the southwestern portion of the Russian Plain (East European Plain). [77], In March 2014, the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation occurred. In the runoff election, Yanukovych officially won by a narrow margin, but Yushchenko and his supporters alleged that vote rigging and intimidation cost him many votes, especially in eastern Ukraine. After about a century, however, Empress Catherine the Great (1762-96) of Russia abolished the hetmante, and absorbed the entire ethnic . Cossack units were also active in wars between the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia. In the late Neolithic times, the Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture flourished from about 4,5003,000BC. Larger saline lakes occur along the coast. However, the old local authorities did not want any changes; they were cleansed of anti-Maidan activists (lustration), but only in part. Ukraine has long asked for admission into NATO. [citation needed]. Ukraine's Push for Independence. Published on March 4, 2022. Also the Genoese founded some colonies in Crimean coasts until the Ottoman conquest in the 1470s. [43] In Volhynia, Ukrainian fighters committed a massacre against up to 100,000 Polish civilians. Ukraine remained under Soviet control for the remainder of the 20th century until the Soviet Union's collapse in . U.S. President Joe Biden and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz have met privately in the Oval Office for more than an hour after declaring themselves in lockstep on maintaining pressure on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has met with U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland and top European legal officials, and called for Russia to face international prosecution for war crimes, The U.S. has announced a new $400 million military aid package for Ukraine that for the first time includes armored vehicles that can launch bridges, The U.S. has imposed sanctions and visa restrictions on five Russian officials and an expert witness involved in the incarceration of Vladimir Kara-Murza, a Russian opposition politician who has been imprisoned in Moscow since April for speaking out against Russias invasion of Ukraine, Russia has declared that a group of saboteurs from Ukraine crossed into its territory and attacked border villages, a raid marking an escalation of the war now in its second year.
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